Limbah Rumah Tangga sebagai Pupuk Organik untuk Meningkatkan Produksi Jagung Manis di Kawasan Pesisir Bengkulu
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Abstract
Kawasan pesisir Kota Bengkulu memiliki potensi besar untuk dioptimalkan sebagai lokasi budidaya tanaman. Penelitian ini mengkaji efektivitas kompos limbah rumah tangga dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung manis. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan lima dosis kompos, yaitu 0 ton/ha, 2,5 ton/ha, 5 ton/ha, 7,5 ton/ha, dan 10 ton/ha. Parameter yang diukur meliputi analisis kompos, sifat kimia tanah (pH, N-total, P-tersedia, K-dapat dipertukarkan, dan C-organik), serta pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung manis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kompos memiliki kualitas yang baik dengan pH netral (7,15), kadar air 29,20 persen, dan kandungan C-organik tinggi (27,25 persen), yang mendukung perbaikan struktur tanah dan retensi air. Kandungan N-total yang tinggi (2,15 persen) mendukung pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman, sedangkan rasio C/N yang ideal (12,67) cukup sesuai, meskipun kandungan
kalium sedikit lebih rendah dari standar minimum (0,17 persen). Dosis kompos 5 ton/ha mampu mengurangi penggunaan pupuk buatan hingga 50 persen dengan memberikan hasil terbaik dalam meningkatkan semua parameter pertumbuhan dan hasil, meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, lebar daun, panjang daun, diameter batang, dan panjang tongkol. Peningkatan dosis kompos cenderung meningkatkan hasil jagung manis, tetapi tidak menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan dibandingkan dengan dosis 5 ton/ha. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan pencerahan praktis bagi petani dan peneliti mengenai teknologi tepat guna untuk pertanian berkelanjutan.
The coastal area of Bengkulu City has a significant potential for optimization in plant cultivation. This study examines the effectiveness of household waste compost in enhancing the growth and yield of sweet corn. The research employed a completely randomized design with five compost dose treatments: 0 tons/ ha, 2.5 tons/ha, 5 tons/ha, 7.5 tons/ha, and 10 tons/ha. Parameters measured included compost analysis, soil chemical properties (pH, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, and organic carbon), as well as the growth and yield of sweet corn. The results indicated that the compost was of high quality, with a neutral pH of 7.15, a moisture content of 29.20 percent, and a high organic carbon content (27.25 percent), which supports improved soil structure and water retention. The compost also had a high total nitrogen content (2.15 percent), which enhanced vegetative growth, and an ideal C/N ratio (12.67), although the potassium content was slightly below the minimum standard (0.17 percent). A compost dose of 5 tons/ha reduced the need for synthetic fertilizers by 50 percent while achieving optimal results for all growth and yield parameters, including plant height, number of leaves, leaf width, leaf length, stem diameter, and cob length. Increasing the compost dose further improved sweet corn yield but did not show significant differences compared to the 5 tons/ha dose. The findings are expected to provide practical insights for farmers and researchers on appropriate technology for sustainable agriculture.
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