Vermikompos untuk Mengurangi Cekaman Suhu Tinggi dalamProduksi Bawang Merah di Lahan Pesisir (Vermicompost to Reduce High Temperature Stress in Shallot Productionin Coastal Areas) Review
Article Sidebar
Read Counter : 196
Download : 212
Main Article Content
Abstract
Bawang merah (Allium Cepa L.) merupakan komoditas sayuran hortikultura populer yang berperan sebagai sumber nutrisi dan pemberi cita rasa masakan di Indonesia. Konsumsi bawang merah per kapita masyarakat Indonesia meningkat dari tahun ke tahun, namun produksinya mengalami penurunan sejak tahun 2021. Pemanfaatan lahan marginal di kawasan pesisir merupakan alternatif strategis untuk meningkatkan produksi bawang merah. Salah satu kendala dalam produksi bawang merah di kawasan ini adalah cekaman suhu tinggi. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penggunaan vermikompos untuk mengurangi cekaman suhu tinggi dalam produksi bawang merah di lahan pesisir. Vermikompos adalah pupuk organik yang dihasilkan dari proses penguraian bahan organik oleh cacing tanah, terutama cacing Lumbricus yang mampu menjaga suhu dan kelembapan tanah secara optimal dengan memperbaiki aerasi tanah serta meningkatkan kemampuan tanah dalam menyimpan air. Vermikompos mengandung unsur hara makro dan mikro seperti nitrogen (N), fosfor (P), kalium (K), magnesium (Mg), besi (Fe), tembaga (Cu), dan mangan (Mn) yang bermanfaat untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman dan hasil panen. Penggunaan
vermikompos dapat menjadi solusi efektif untuk mengatasi cekaman suhu tinggi pada produksi bawang merah di wilayah pesisir dengan meningkatkan kualitas fisik tanah, biologi tanah dan sifat kimia tanah. Aplikasi vermikompos pada lahan di wilayah pesisir mampu meningkatkan produktivitas dan kualitas hasil bawang merah.
Shallot (Allium Cepa L.) is a popular horticultural vegetable commodity that serves as a source of nutrients and culinary flavor in Indonesia. Per capita consumption of shallots among Indonesian people has increased from year by year, however, its production has decreased since 2021. Utilization of marginal land in coastal areas is a strategic alternative to increase shallot production. One of the major challenges in shallot production in these area is high temperature stress. This article aims to examine the use of vermicompost to reduce high temperature stress in shallot production on coastal areas. Vermicompost is an organic fertilizer produced through the decomposition of organic matter by earthworms, especially Lumbricus, which can maintain optimal soil temperature and humidity by improving soil aeration and enhancing water retention. Vermicompost contains macro and micronutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn), which are beneficial for increasing plant growth and yields. The use of vermicompost can be an effective solution to overcome high temperature stress in shallot production in coastal areas by improving the physical, biology, and chemical properties of the soil. Application of vermicompost on coastal lands has been shown to improve both the productivity and quality of shallot yields.
Article Details
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
catatan copyright agar disepakati oleh penulis.
Penulis sepakat dengan ketentuan-ketentuan dalam etika publikasi
Penulis menyatakan bahwa karya tulis yang diserahkan untuk diterbitkan adalah asli, belum pernah dipublikasikan di manapun dalam bahasa apapun, dan tidak sedang dalam proses pengajuan ke penerbit lain
References
Afsyah, S., Walida, H., Dorliana, K., Sepriani, Y., Syawal, F., & Agroteknologi, H. P. (2021). Analisis Kualitas Kascing dari Campuran Kotoran Sapi, Pelepah Kelapa Sawit dan Limbah Sayuran. Agrovital : Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian, 6(1). http://www.kaskus.co.id/
Aldo, D., & Putra, S. E. (2020). Sistem ppakar diagnosis hama dan penyakit bawang merah menggunakan metode Dempster Shafer. Komputika : Jurnal Sistem Komputer, 9(2), 85–93. https://doi.org/10.34010/komputika.v9i2.2884
Alfiani, C. U., Syah, B., Azizah, E., & Soedomo, P. (2021). Identifikasi karakter morfologi dan agronomi beberapa varietas bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) di dataran tinggi. Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan, 7(2), 436–446. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4733343
Amarullah. (2021). Sink Source Relationship dalam Tanaman (T. Ismandari, Ed.; Vol. 1). Syiah Kuala University Press.
Arafah, S. N., Lubis, Y., & Saragih, F. H. (2019). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi permintaan bawang merah di Kota Medan. Jurnal Penelitian Agrisamudra, 6(2), 124–132. https://doi.org/10.33059/jpas.v6i2.1893
Aragón, F. M., & Rud, J. P. (2023). Farm size and exposure to extreme heat: evidence from subsistence farms in Sub-Saharan Africa *. Simon Fraser University, Department of Economics.
Ardianto, K., & Amri, A. I. (2017). Pengukuran dan pendugaan erosi pada lahan perkebunan kelapa sawit dengan kemiringan berbeda. JOM Faperta, 4(1), 1–15.
Aryani, N., Hendarto, K., Didin, W., & Niswati, A. (2019). Peningkatan produksi bawang merah dan beberapa sifat kimia tanah Ultisol akibat aplikasi vermikompos dan pupuk pelengkap. Journal of Tropical Upland Resources, 01(01), 145–167.
Aryastana, P., Eryani, I. G. A. P., & Candrayana, W. K. (2016). Perubahan garis pantai dengan citra satelit di Kabupaten Gianyar. Paduraksa, 5(2), 70–81.
Ashar, J. R., Farhanah, A., Hamzah, P., Ismayanti, R., Tuhuteru, S., Yusuf, R., & Mardaleni, M. (2023). Pengantar Kultur Jaringan Tanaman. Widina Press.
Baaij, J. H. F. de, Hoenderop, J. G. J., & Bindels, R. J. M. (2015). Magnesium in Man: Implications for Health and Disease. Physiol Rev, 95, 1–46. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00012.2014.-Mag
Bachman, G. R., & Metzger, J. D. (2008). Growth of bedding plants in commercial potting substrate amended with vermicompost. Bioresource Technology, 99(8), 3155–3161. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2007.05.069
Bahrun, A. (2011). Strategi Pengelolaan Air di Lahan Kering: Suatu Upaya Mengantisipasi Kekeringan (Vol. 1). Universitas Halu Oleo Press.
Brusca, R. C., & Brusca, G. J. (2003). Invertebrates Massachusetts. Sinauer Associates Inc Publ.
Chaniago, N., & Inriyani, Y. (2019). Pengaruh jenis bahan organik dan lamanya proses pengomposan terhadap kuantitas dan kualitas vermikompos. BERNAS Agricultural Research Journal, 15(1), 68–81.
Chaoui, H. I., Zibilske, L. M., & Ohno, T. (2003). Effects of earthworm casts and compost on soil microbial activity and plant nutrient availability. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 35(2), 295–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(02)00279-1
Chinnusamy, V., Zhu, J., Zhou, T., & Zhu, J.-K. (2007). Small RNAs: Big Role in Abiotic Stress Tolerance of Plants. In Advances in Molecular Breeding Toward Drought and Salt Tolerant Crops.
Chinsamy, M., Kulkarni, M. G., & Staden, J. Van. (2014). Vermicompost Leachate Reduces Temperature and Water Stress Effects in Tomato Seedlings. In HORTSCIENCE (Vol. 49, Issue 9).
Devireddy, A. R., Tschaplinski, T. J., Tuskan, G. A., Muchero, W., & Chen, J. G. (2021). Role of reactive oxygen species and hormones in plant responses to temperature changes. In International Journal of Molecular Sciences (Vol. 22, Issue 16). MDPI AG. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168843
Dominguez, J., Edwards, C. A., & Subler, S. (1997). Comparation of vermicomposting and composting. Bio Cycle, 1(1), 57–59. http://www.shred-tech.com
Edwards, C. A., Arancon, N. Q., & Greytak, S. (2006). Effects of vermicompost teas on plant growth and disease. Bio Cycle, 51(6), 28–29.
Edwards, C. A., Dominguez, J., & Neuhauser, E. F. (1998). Growth and reproduction of Perionyx excavatus (Perr.) (Megascolecidae) as factors in organic waste management. Biol Fertil Soils, 27, 155–161.
Estiasih, T., Putri, W. D. R., & Widyastuti, E. (2015). Komponen Minor & Bahan Tambahan Pangan (U. Rahmawati, Ed.; Pertama, Vol. 1). Bumi Aksara.
Estiningtyas, W., & Syakir, M. (2017). Pengaruh perubahan iklim terhadap produksi padi di lahan tadah hujan. Jurnal Meteorologi Dan Geofisika, 18(2), 83–93.
Fahri, R. A., Wungouw, H. P. P. L., Woda, R. R., & Koamesah, S. M. J. (2023). Hubungan Konsumsi Makanan Berserat dengan Pola Defekasi pada Siswa SMA Negeri 1 Taebenu. Cendana Medical Journal (CMJ), 11(1), 90–100. https://doi.org/10.35508/cmj.v11i1.10719
Fajjriyah, N. (2017). Kiat Sukses Budidaya Bawang Merah (A. Mahardika & N. F. Tsalaisye, Eds.; Vol. 1). Bio Genesis.
Fatahillah. (2017). Uji penambahan berbagai dosis vermikompos cacing (Lumbricus rubellus) terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif cabai rawit (Capsicum frutescens l.). Jurnal Biotek, 5(2).
Fery, & Amaliah, N. (2021). Peran beberapa zat gizi mikro untuk meningkatkan sistem imunitas tubuh dalam pencegahan COVID-19. Science, Education, and Learning, 1(1), 15–23.
Fitriana. (2020). Vermikultur untuk pengendalian hama tanaman. Jurnal Agron Indonesia, 48(1).
Fritz, J. I., Franke-Whittle, I. H., Haindl, S., Insam, H., & Braun, R. (2012). Microbiological community analysis of vermicompost tea and its influence on the growth of vegetables and cereals. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 58(7), 836–847. https://doi.org/10.1139/W2012-061
Gijsbers, L., Dower, J. I., Schalkwijk, C. G., Kusters, Y. H. A. M., Bakker, S. J. L., Hollman, P. C. H., & Geleijnse, J. M. (2015). Effects of sodium and potassium supplementation on endothelial function: A fully controlled dietary intervention study. British Journal of Nutrition, 114(9), 1419–1426. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114515002986
Gopalakrishnan, T., Hasan, M. K., Haque, A. T. M. S., Jayasinghe, S. L., & Kumar, L. (2019). Sustainability of coastal agriculture under climate change. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(24). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11247200
Hasanuzzaman, M., Hossain, M. A., Da Silva, J. A. T., & Fujita, M. (2012). Plant response and tolerance to abiotic oxidative stress: Antioxidant defense is a key factor. In Crop Stress and its Management: Perspectives and Strategies (Vol. 9789400722200, pp. 261–315). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2220-0_8
Hasyim, Z., Tambaru, E., & Latunra, A. I. (2014). Uji penambahan berbagai dosis vermikompos terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif cabai merah besar capsicum annuum l. Jurnal Alam Dan Lingkungan, 5(10).
Hazra, F., Dianisa, N., & Widyastuti, R. (2018). Kualitas dan produksi Vermikompos menggunakan cacing African Night Crawler (Eudrilus eugeniae). Jurnal Ilmu Tanah Dan Lingkungan, 20(2), 77–81. https://doi.org/10.29244/jitl.20.2.77-81
Hurrell, R., & Egli, I. (2010). Iron bioavailability and dietary reference values. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 91(5), 1461S-1467S. https://doi.org/10.3945/AJCN.2010.28674F
Ibrahim, M. M., Mahmoud, E. K., & Ibrahim, D. A. (2015). Effects of vermicompost and water treatment residuals on soil physical properties and wheat yield. International Agrophysics, 29(2), 157–164. https://doi.org/10.1515/intag-2015-0029
Intara, Y. I., Sapei, A., Sembiring, N., & Djoefrie, B. (2011). Pengaruh pemberian bahan organik pada tanah liat dan lempung berliat terhadap kemampuan mengikat air. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia, 16(2), 130–135.
Iqbal, N., Sehar, Z., Fatma, M., Khan, S., Alvi, A. F., Mir, I. R., Masood, A., & Khan, N. A. (2023). Melatonin Reverses High-Temperature-Stress-Inhibited Photosynthesis in the Presence of Excess Sulfur by Modulating Ethylene Sensitivity in Mustard. Plants, 12(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12173160
Iriani, E. (2013). Prospek pengembangan inovasi teknologi bawang merah di lahan sub optimal (lahan pasir) dalam upaya peningkatan pendapatan petani. Jurnal Litbang Provinsi Jawa Tengah, 11(2), 231–243.
Janská, A., Maršík, P., Zelenková, S., & Ovesná, J. (2010). Cold stress and acclimation - what is important for metabolic adjustment? In Plant Biology (Vol. 12, Issue 3, pp. 395–405). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2009.00299.x
Keen, C., & Zidenberg, C. S. (2018). Present Knowledge in Nutrition (J. W. Erdman Jr, I. A. Mc Donald, & S. H. Zeisel, Eds.; 11th ed., Vol. 1). Academic Press.
Kementerian Pertanian. (2022). Statistik Konsumsi Pangan (Vol. 1). Pusat data dan Informasi, Sekretariat Jenderal Kementerian Pertanian.
Krasensky, J., & Jonak, C. (2012). Drought, salt, and temperature stress-induced metabolic rearrangements and regulatory networks. In Journal of Experimental Botany (Vol. 63, Issue 4, pp. 1593–1608). https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/err460
Kustiari, R. (2018). Perilaku harga dan integrasi pasar bawang merah di Indonesia. Jurnal Agro Ekonomi, 35(2), 77. https://doi.org/10.21082/jae.v35n2.2017.77-87
Lailia, S. A., Pratiwi, A. P., Damaianti, S., Asmara, S. E., & Jadidah, I. T. (2023). Dampak perubahan iklim terhadap kesejahteraan ekonomi masyarakat petani kopi desa kota agung kecamatan semendo darat tengah. JIMR : Journal Of International Multidisciplinary Research, 02(2), 173–179.
Lalla, M. (2022). Biostimulan untuk Tanah dan Tanaman. Penerbit Qiara Media.
Lazcano, C., Gómez-Brandón, M., & Domínguez, J. (2008). Comparison of the effectiveness of composting and vermicomposting for the biological stabilization of cattle manure. Chemosphere, 72(7), 1013–1019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.04.016
Makruf. (2019). Karakteristik lahan pesisir dan pengelolaannya untuk pertanian. Review. Universitas Asahan.
Manchal, R., Venuste, T., & Verma, S. R. (2023). Vermicomposting, a key to sustainable agriculture: A review. Farming & Management, 8(2), 81–93. https://doi.org/10.31830/2456-8724.2023.fm-128
Mansyur, N. I., Pudjiwati, E. H., & Murtilaksono, A. (2021). Pupuk dan pemupukan (Z. Hanum, Ed.; Pertama, Vol. 1). Syiah Kuala Univercity Press.
Marfai, M. A., Fatchurohman, H., & Cahyadi, A. (2020). Pesisir Gunungkidul. UGM Press.
Margiwiyatno, & Sumarni, E. (2011). Modifikasi iklim mikro pada bawang merah hidroponik dalam rangka memperoleh bibit bermutu. Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian, 25(1), 43–47.
Maryoto, A. (2020). Manfaat Serat Bagi Tubuh (Sulistiono, Ed.; 1st ed., Vol. 1). Alprin.
Mashur. (2001). VERMIKOMPOS (Kompos Cacing Tanah): Pupuk Organik Berkualitas dan Ramah Lingkungan (1st ed., Vol. 1). IP2TP-Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian.
Mubarok, S., Hartatik, T., & Kusdiyantini, E. (2018). Pengantar Budidaya Bawang (pertama, Vol. 1). IPB Press.
Nabilah, L., Dewanti, F. D., Koentjoro, Y., & Tarigan, P. L. (2023). Respon macam pupuk terhadap pertumbuhan, hasil dan omega-3 pada tanaman Krokot (Portulaca oleracea L.). Agro Bali : Agricultural Journal, 6(3), 840–851. https://doi.org/10.37637/ab.v6i3.1290
Nie, W. F., Xing, E., Wang, J., Mao, Y., Ding, X., & Guo, J. (2022). Emerging Strategies Mold Plasticity of Vegetable Plants in Response to High Temperature Stress. Plants, 11(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11070959
Nita, K. (2011). Evaluasi perubahan temperatur, pH dan kelembaban media pada pembuatan vermikompos dari campuran jerami padi dan kotoran sapi menggunakan Lumbricus Rubellus. Inotek, 15(1), 45–56.
Nur, M., Syam’un, E., Sjam, S., & Lestari, M. S. (2023). Aplikasi vermikompos feses kuda terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tiga varietas bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) asal TSS (True Seed Shallot). Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pembangunan Dan Pendidikan Vokasi Pertanian, 4(1), 452–467. https://doi.org/10.47687/snppvp.v4i1.670
Nurmaningsih, & Syamsussabri, M. (2021). Komposisi dan distribusi cacing tanah (Lumbricus terrestris) di daerah lembab dan daerah kering. Indonesian Journal of Engineering, 2(1), 1–9.
Pandey, P., Bhardwaj, S. K., & Verma, A. (2022). Vermicompost and Its Role in Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants. In Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants (pp. 379–404). Academic Press.
Pitaloka, M. A. D., & Usmadi. (2023). Pengaruh pemberian vermikompos dan pupuk KNO3 terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bawang merah (Allium Ascalonicum L.) pada lahan kering. Berkala Ilmiah Pertanian, 6(1), 78–83.
Piya, S., Shrestha, I., Gauchan, D. P., & Lamichhane, J. (2018). Vermicomposting in organic Agriculture: Influence on the soil nutrients and plant growth. Article in International Journal of Research, 5(20), 1055–1065. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328315376
Prasad, A. S. (2009). Zinc: Role in immunity, oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. In Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care (Vol. 12, Issue 6, pp. 646–652). https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0b013e3283312956
Pratiwi, A., Maghfoer, M. D., Widaryanto, E., & Aini, N. (2024). Effects of Different Timings of Drought Stress and Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Inoculation on the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.). Journal of Ecological Engineering, 25(5), 230–243. https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/186357
Purboningrum, E., Hidayat, A., & Susanti, E. (2019). Pengaruh kuning telur ayam terhadap produksi dan kualitas pupuk vermikompos. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan, 14(2), 126–132.
Putra, I., & Subandiyah. (2021). Physiological responses of shallot (Allium fistulosum L.) to high temperature stress. Agricultural Sciences, 12(8), 970–981.
Ratnarajah, V., & Gnanachelvam, N. (2021). Effect of Abiotic Stress on Onion Yield: A Review. Advances in Technology, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.31357/ait.v1i1.4876
Schauberger, B., Archontoulis, S., Arneth, A., Balkovic, J., Ciais, P., Deryng, D., Elliott, J., Folberth, C., Khabarov, N., Müller, C., Pugh, T. A. M., Rolinski, S., Schaphoff, S., Schmid, E., Wang, X., Schlenker, W., & Frieler, K. (2017). Consistent negative response of US crops to high temperatures in observations and crop models. Nature Communications, 8. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms13931
Setiawan, I. G. P., Niswati, A., Hendarto, K., & Yusnaini, S. (2015). Pengaruh dosis vermikompos terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman pakcoy (Brassica rapa l.) dan perubahan beberapa sifat kimia tanah ultisol taman bogo. Jurnal Agrotek Tropika, 3(1), 170–173.
Shah, N. H., & Paulsen, G. M. (2003). Interaction of drought and high temperature on photosynthesis and grain-filling of wheat. Plant and Soil, 219–226.
Sharma, M., Gupta, S. K., Deeba, F., & Pandey, V. (2017). Effects of Reactive Oxygen Species on Crop Productivity: an Overview. In Reactive Oxygen Species in Plants: Boon Or Bane‐Revisiting the Role of ROS (pp. 117–136).
Sharma, P., Jha, A. B., Dubey, R. S., & Pessarakli, M. (2012). Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Damage, and Antioxidative defense mechanism in plants under stressful conditions. Journal of Botany, 2012, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/217037
Sholikin, A. R., & Haryono, D. (2019). Studi perubahan curah hujan terhadap produktivitas tanaman bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) di beberapa sentra produksi. Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 7(9), 1587–1594.
Simanungkalit, R. D. M. (2006). Pupuk Organik dan Pupuk Hayati. Balai Besar Litbang Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian.
Sitompul, E., Wardhana, W., & Sutrisno, E. (2017). Studi identifikasi rasio C/N pengolahan sampah organik sayuran sawi, daun singkong, dan kotoran kambing dengan variasi komposisi menggunakan metode Vermikomposting. Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan, 6(2), 1–12.
Suciati, A., & Djamali, A. (2022). Strategi pengembangan agribisnis komoditas bawang merah di Kabupaten Banyuwangi. AGRINIKA: Jurnal Agroteknologi Dan Agribisnis6(1): 96-108, 6(1), 96–108.
Sui, L., Wang, J., Yang, X., & Wang, Z. (2020). Spatial-temporal characteristics of coastline changes in Indonesia from 1990 to 2018. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(8), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12083242
Sukmawati, Akib, M. A., Iradhatullah Rahim, & Harsani. (2022). Ekologi Tanaman (Vol. 1). Deeppublish Publisher.
Sulaiman, I. S. C., & Mohamad, A. (2020). The Use of Vermiwash and Vermicompost Extract in Plant Disease and Pest Control. In Natural Remedies for Pest, Disease and Weed Control (pp. 187–201). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819304-4.00016-6
Sunarya, R., & Destiani, D. (2016). Pengembangan sistem pakar diagnosis hama dan penyakit pada tanaman bawang merah berbasis android. Jurnal Algoritma, 13(1), 84–91. http://jurnal.sttgarut.ac.id
Suthar, S. (2009). Vermicomposting of vegetable-market solid waste using Eisenia fetida: Impact of bulking material on earthworm growth and decomposition rate. Ecological Engineering, 35(5), 914–920. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ECOLENG.2008.12.019
Sutrisno, D., Azis, A., & Brotosuspoto, S. (2017). Respon varietas bawang merah terhadap penanaman pada lahan pesisir. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Hortikultura II, : 355-359.
Tanzil, A. I., Rahayu, P., Jamila, R., Fanata, W. I. D., Sholikhah, U., & Ratnasari, T. (2023). Pengaruh sampah organik terhadap karakteristik kimia vermikompos. Agroradix, 7(1), 67–75.
Teixeira, E. I., Fischer, G., Van Velthuizen, H., Walter, C., & Ewert, F. (2013). Global hot-spots of heat stress on agricultural crops due to climate change. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 170, 206–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.09.002
Wahidah, B. F., & Achmad, C. A. (2020). Ilmu Hara (Vol. 1). Alinea Media Dipantara.
Wati, Y. T., Nurlaelih, E., & Santosa, M. (2014). Pengaruh aplikasi biourin pada pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum l.). Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 2(8), 613–619.
Weaver, C. M., & Heaney, R. P. (2006). Calcium in Human Health (L. G. Raisz, Ed.; Vol. 1). Humana Press.
Widiyastuti. (2022). Effect of shade nets on growth, yield, and quality of shallot (Allium fistulosum L.) under high-temperature conditions. Agronomi, 12(13), 621.
Wihartati, E., Purnawanto, A. M., & Santosa, A. P. (2022). Pengaruh pemberian pupuk vermikompos dan pupuk N, P, K terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L.). Proceedings Series on Physical & Formal Sciences, 4, 247–255. https://doi.org/10.30595/pspfs.v4i.508
Wisang, Q. G., & Sholihah, A. (2022). The effect of methods and application rates of vermicompost on Chinese broccoli cultivation (Brassica oleraceae L.) hydroganically. Jurnal Agroteknologi, 12(2), 49–54.
Yuasa, M., Ueno, M., Kawabeta, K., Morikawa, M., Uemura, M., Matsuzawa, T., & Tominaga, M. (2022). Taste characteristics, volatile components, sensory properties, and antioxidant activity of fresh onion (Allium cepa L.) leaves. Bulletin of the National Research Centre, 46, 270. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-022-00958-y
Zuhroh, M. U., & Suyani, I. S. (2022). Effect of branch pruning and seed weight on plant growth and years potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Nabatia, 10(2), 120–130. https://doi.org/10.21070/nabatia.v10i2.1615