Automating National Rice Supply Chain Payments through Hyperledger Fabric Smart Contracts Design Science Evidence from a State-Owned Food Enterprise
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Background: Rice and paddy procurement in state-owned food enterprises still depends on physical documents that must travel among work units. This dependence lengthens supplier payment cycles, obscures transaction status, and erodes trust among procurement partners. Objectives: This study designs, builds, and evaluates a permissioned blockchain smart contract prototype that automates payment-precondition verification and payment instruction issuance for rice suppliers within a single regional unit of an Indonesian state owned food enterprise, without transferring final approval authority or fund-transfer execution to the artefact. Methods: The study applies Design Science Research to a single case in East Java. Problem identification drew on semi-structured interviews with ten stakeholders and a review of procedural documents, analysed thematically. The artefact was built across four layers a Vue 3 interface, a Golang REST API, Hyperledger Fabric chain code, and cloud storage and evaluated through one hundred functional test cases, 782 transaction simulations benchmarked against 7,826 historical purchase orders, and user acceptance testing with 80 respondents. Results and Discussion: Thematic analysis surfaced five core problems: process fragmentation, payment uncertainty, limited transparency, data inconsistency, and integration needs. The prototype passed every functional test case. Descriptively, mean invoice processing time was seventeen minutes in the prototype simulations against three hours thirty minutes in the historical baseline, a 91.8% shorter duration; as the two conditions are unpaired and uncontrolled, this is reported as potential efficiency rather than a causal effect. User acceptance testing yielded a mean of 4.66 out of 5, scoring highest on system transparency Conclusion: The prototype demonstrates early feasibility for automating payment precondition verification and payment-instruction issuance without removing the approval authority of designated officers. The findings constitute design evidence from one regional unit rather than evidence of national implementation readiness. Wider adoption depends on regulatory readiness, technical capability, and organisational willingness to revise standard procedures.
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