Validasi Psikometrik Instrumen Faktor Penentu Kualitas BerasPremium Berbasis Teori Respons Butir (Psychometric Validation of an Instrument for Determinant Factorsof Premium Rice Quality Based on Item Response Theory)
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Abstract
Pemahaman terhadap preferensi konsumen memerlukan alat ukur yang akurat, andal, serta mampu merepresentasikan persepsi terhadap kualitas produk secara menyeluruh. Pada komoditas strategis seperti beras premium, atribut sensorik dan fisik, meliputi aroma, warna, tekstur, kebersihan, dan masa simpan, memiliki peranan penting dalam membentuk persepsi konsumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan dan mengevaluasi instrumen pengukuran persepsi konsumen terhadap kualitas beras premium dengan pendekatan Teori Respons Butir (Item Response Theory/IRT), khususnya melalui Model Respons Terklasifikasi (Graded Response Model/GRM). Fokus penelitian diarahkan pada penyusunan instrumen yang valid dan reliabel untuk
mengukur atribut-atribut utama yang relevan dalam konteks preferensi konsumen. Pengujian dilakukan terhadap sejumlah asumsi dasar GRM, yaitu unidimensionalitas, independensi lokal, dan monotonisitas, yang hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa ketiga asumsi terpenuhi. Sebagian besar butir dalam instrumen memiliki parameter diskriminasi yang tinggi (a > 1,0) serta ambang kesulitan (threshold) yang logis dan tersebar dengan baik di sepanjang spektrum tingkat kemampuan. Evaluasi kurva karakteristik butir (Item Characteristic Curve/ICC) dan indeks penerimaan menunjukkan bahwa skala ini mampu mengukur preferensi konsumen dari tingkat kesulitan
sangat rendah hingga sangat tinggi secara efektif. Hasil uji efektivitas jumlah kategori respons memperlihatkan bahwa empat pilihan jawaban memberikan prediksi terbaik, dengan nilai Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) pada kisaran 0,1867–0,2138, lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan versi tiga maupun lima kategori. Dengan demikian, GRM terbukti efektif dalam membangun skala pengukuran preferensi konsumen terhadap beras premium, sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan untuk penyusunan strategi dan kebijakan berbasis data.
Understanding consumer preferences requires measurement tools that are accurate, reliable, and capable of representing perceptions of product quality comprehensively. For strategic commodities such as premium rice, sensory and physical attributes, such as aroma, color, texture, cleanliness, and shelf life, play a crucial role in shaping consumer perceptions. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a measurement instrument for consumer perceptions of premium rice quality using the Item Response Theory (IRT) framework, specifically the Graded Response Model (GRM). The focus of this research was on constructing a valid and reliable tool to assess key attributes that were relevant in the context of consumer preferences. The analysis tested several fundamental assumptions of the GRM, namely unidimensionality, local independence, and monotonicity, all of which were satisfied. Most items in the instrument demonstrated high discrimination parameters (a > 1.0) as well as logical and well-distributed threshold values across the ability spectrum. Evaluation of the Item Characteristic Curves (ICC) and acceptance indices indicated that the scale effectively measures consumer preferences across a wide range of difficulty levels, from very low to very high. Furthermore, the test of response category effectiveness showed that a four-option format provided the best prediction, with Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) ranging between 0.1867 and 0.2138, which was lower than the three- and five-option versions. Thus, the GRM is proven to be effective in constructing a measurement scale for consumer preferences toward premium rice, offering valuable insights for data-driven strategies and policies.
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