Pengembangan Jagung untuk Ketahanan Pangan, Industri dan Ekonomi Corn Development for Food Security, Industry and Economy
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Abstract
Jagung adalah komoditi strategis karena produktivitasnya tinggi dan kegunaannya beragam mulai dari pakan, pangan, energi dan bahan baku industri. Permintaan jagung dalam negeri sangat tinggi yang sebagian masih dipenuhi dengan impor. Kenaikan permintaan akan terus terjadi sejalan dengan pertambahan penduduk dan perbaikan kesejahteraan. Kenaikan konsumsi protein hewani terutama daging ayam dan telur menambah kebutuhan bahan baku industri pakan. Produktivitas jagung yang masih sangat rendah menjadi kendala peningkatan produksi, karena keterbatasan bibit unggul, ketersediaan pupuk dan sarana produksi lainnya. Potensi lahan dan kesesuaian iklim untuk penanaman jagung menjadi faktor penguat perluasan dan peningkatan produksi jagung. Nilai kalori dan nutrisi yang jauh lebih baik dibandingkan beras hendaknya dijadikan pemicu pengembangan jagung sebagai pangan pokok. Oleh karena itu, orientasi pertambahan produksi jagung seharusnya tidak dibatasi pada swasembada untuk memenuhi permintaan saat ini terutama bahan baku pakan, tetapi lebih untuk penguatan ekonomi, industri dan kemandirian pangan.
Corn is a strategic commodity because of its high productivity and its usage diversity ranging from feed, food, energy to industrial raw materials. Domestic corn demand, which is partly fulfilled by import, is very high. This demand will continue to grow in line with population growth and well-being improvement. The increase of animal protein consumption, especially chicken meat and eggs, adds the demand on feed industry raw material. One of the main constraints to increase production is the low productivity due to insecure provision of hybrid seed, fertilizer and other agricultural inputs. Potential land availability and
climatic suitability for corn cultivation are among reinforcing factors to the corn cultivation expansion and production improvement as staple food alternative. Therefore, the goal to improve production should not be limited to self-sufficiency to meet current demand mainly feed raw materials, but more than that to strengthen domestic economic, food sovereignty and industry.
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