Perbandingan Karakteristik Fisikokimia dan Komposisi Asam Amino Tepung Tempe Larut Air dengan Isolat Protein Kedelai Komersial
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Abstract
The aim of this research was to compared the physicochemical characteristics and amino acid composition of conventional water-soluble tempe flour (CWSTF), germinated soybean water-soluble tempe flour (GSWSTF) and commercial soy protein isolate (CPI). Water-soluble tempe flour was made from defatted flour and alkali extraction-isoelectric precipitation. The yield of CWSTF, GSWSTF, and CPI were not significantly different (p>0.05). Proximate analysis of CWSTF and GSWSTF showed significantly different from CPI except water content (p<0.05). The essential amino acids in CWSTF and GSWSTF are lysine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, valine, methionine, and threonine. Analysis of the physical characteristic CWSTF and GSWSTF showed significantly different (p<0.05) with CPI in colors, aw, and bulk density in a lower with CPI.
Ekstraksi alkali-presipitasi isoelektrik yang dilakukan pada tepung tempe konvensional dan tepung tempe kecambah kedelai menghasilkan tepung tempe larut air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan karakteristik fisikokimia dan komposisi asam amino tepung tempe konvensional larut air (TKLA), tepung tempe kecambah kedelai larut air (TKKLA), dan isolat protein kedelai komersial (IPK). Tepung tempe konvensional dan tempe kecambah kedelai dihilangkan lemaknya kemudian diekstrak menggunakan ekstraksi alkali-presipitasi isoelektrik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar proksimat terhadap kadar air, abu, lemak, protein, dan karbohidrat pada TKLA dan TKKLA nyata lebih rendah (p<0,05) dibanding IPK. Kadar asam amino esensial pada TKLA dan TKKLA berturut-turut sebesar 20,4 persen; 20,0 persen, lebih rendah dari IPK sebesar 29,6 persen. Analisis sifat fisik dan fungsional terhadap nilai L, derajat putih, dan daya serap minyak menunjukkan TKLA dan TKKLA nyata lebih tinggi (p<0,05) dibandingkan IPK. Proses ekstraksi pada TKLA dan TKKLA masih dapat dioptimalkan untuk memperoleh kadar proksimat utamanya protein yang lebih baik.
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