Analisis Pengambilan Keputusan Manajemen Rantai Pasok Bisnis Komoditi dan Produk Pertanian
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Manajemen rantai pasok bisnis komoditi dan produk pertanian berbeda dengan manajemen rantai pasok bisnis komoditi non-pertanian, karena: (i) komoditi dan produk pertanian bersifat mudah rusak, (ii) proses penanaman, pertumbuhan dan pemanenan tergantung pada iklim dan musim, (iii) hasil panen memiliki bentuk dan ukuran yang bervariasi, (iv) komoditi dan produk pertanian bersifat kamba sehingga produk pertanian sulit untuk ditangani. Seluruh faktor tersebut harus dipertimbangkan dalam desain manajemen rantai pasok komoditi dan produk pertanian guna mendapatkan sistem rantai pasok yang komprehensif, efektif, efisien, responsif dan berkelanjutan. Manajemen rantai pasok bisnis komoditi dan produk pertanian bersifat kompleks, probabilistik dan dinamis. Konsekuensinya, faktor yang perlu dipertimbangkan dalam merancang sistem manajemen rantai pasok-nya bersifat kompleks yang memerlukan dukungan analisis pengambilan keputusan yang handal. Beberapa metode analisis pengambilan keputusan yang dapat digunakan dalam kajian pengembangan manajemen rantai pasok komoditas dan produk pertanian antara lain adalah metode Perbandingan Eksponensial (MPE) untuk pemilihan komoditas unggulan, analisis deskriptif rantai pasok dengan pendekatan Asian Productivity Organization (APO), metode Hayami untuk analisis nilai tambah rantai pasok, metode Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) dan Supply Chain Operation Reference (SCOR) serta Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) untuk analisis pengukuran kinerja manajemen rantai pasok bisnis komoditi dan produk pertanian. Aplikasi teknik dan metode tersebut serta faktor kunci yang mendukung sukses penerapannya berhasil divirifikasi dengan baik pada contoh kasus penilaian kinerja rantai pasok sayuran dataran tinggi.
The implementation of agricultural products business supply chain management has a significant difference with the other products in terms of stochastic and dynamic behavior as a result of some factors such as (i) perishable characteristics (ii) seasonal for cultivation, growth and harvesting (iii) various shape and size on final yield (iv) voluminous. These factors should be considered in designing a comprehensive, effective, efficient, responsive and sustainable agricultural products supply chain management. As a consequence, the decision making involved is becoming more complex than common manufacturing application which are pragmatic, deterministic and static. Some of the decision methods for developing and analysing the agriculture product supply chain management discussed in this paper include Exponential comparison method for prospective products selection, Asian Productivity Organization (APO) approach for agricultural products supply chain management descriptive analysis, Hayami method for added value analysis Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), Supply Chain Operation Reference (SCOR) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for agricultural product supply chain management performance analysis. The application of those methods and the corresponding key sucess factors in the implementation have been verified in the case of highland vegetable products supply chain management.
Article Details
catatan copyright agar disepakati oleh penulis.
Penulis sepakat dengan ketentuan-ketentuan dalam etika publikasi
Penulis menyatakan bahwa karya tulis yang diserahkan untuk diterbitkan adalah asli, belum pernah dipublikasikan di manapun dalam bahasa apapun, dan tidak sedang dalam proses pengajuan ke penerbit lain
References
Aramyan, L., Ondersteijn C., Kooten, O. van, Lansink, A. O. 2006. Performance Indicators in Agri-Food Production Chains, Quantifying
the Agri-food Supply Chain. Ondersteijn, C.J.M., Wijnands, J.H.M., Huirne, R.B.M,. dan Van Kooten, O. (Eds.). Spinger-Netherlands. Bab 5: 47-64
Austin, J.E. 1992. Agroindustrial Project Analysis. John Hopkins University Press. USA.
Ayag, Z., Ozdemir, R.G. 2006. A fuzzy AHP approach to evaluating machine tool alternatives. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing. Vol.17. No.2, 179-190.
Bolstorff, P dan Rosenbaum, R. 2003. Supply chain excellence : a handbook for dramatic improvement using the SCOR model. Amacom, New York.
Brown, J.E. 1994. Agroindustrial Investment and Operations. World Bank Publications. USA.
Chopra, S.P., Meindl. 2001. Supply Chain Management : Strategy, Planning and Operation. Prentice Hall International, Inc. Upper Sadle River, New Jersey.
Graves, S.C. and Willems, S.P. 2004. Supply chain design: safety stock placement and supply chain configuration. Handbook in Operations
Research and Management Science Vol. 11, Supply Chain Management.. de Kok, A.G. and Graves, S.C. (Eds.). North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam
Karningsih, P.D, Kayis. B, Kara. S (2007) “Development of knowledge Based System for Supply Chain Risk Identification in multisite & multi-partners Global Manufacturing Supply Chain” Proceeding of the 13th Asia Pacific Management Conference, Australia, 2007, pp 466-471.
Marimin. 2004. Teknik dan Aplikasi Pengambilan Keputusan Kriteria Majemuk. Grasindo, Jakarta.
Marimin. 2008. Supply Chains for Perishable Horticulture Products in Indonesia. Prepared for Asian Productivity Organization (APO). Research on Supply Chain in Agribusiness. Tokyo
Miranda dan Amin W. T. 2005. Manajemen Logistik dan Supply Chain Management. Jakarta : Harvarindo.
Pranolo, T. 2000. Peran BULOG Sebagai Lembaga Distribusi dan Cadangan Pangan Nasional. “Round Table” Kebijaksanaan Harga Gabah di Era Perdagangan Bebas. Badan Ketahanan Pangan, Departemen Pertanian. Jakarta.
Pujawan, I.N. 2005. Supply Chain Management. Guna Widya. Surabaya
Sawit, MH. 2001. Globalisasi dan AoA-WTO: Pengaruhnya Terhadap Ketahanan Pangan Indonesia. Makalah disampaikan pada Lokakarya ”Ketahanan Pangan” diselenggarakan oleh YLKI dan Consumers
International for Asia and Pacific (CIROAP) 28-29 Agustus 2001, Jakarta.
Siagian, Yolanda M. 2007. Aplikasi Supply Chain Management dalam Dunia Bisnis. Grasindo, Jakarta.
Sudiyono. 2001. Pemasaran Pertanian. UMM Press. Yogyakarta.
Van der Vorst, J.G.A.J., 2004. Performance levels in food traceability and the impact on chain design: results of an international benchmark study. In: Bremmers, H.J., Omta, S.W.F., Trienekens, J.H., et al. eds. Dynamics in chains and networks: proceedings of the sixth international conference on chain and network management in agribusiness and the food industry (Ede, 27-28 May 2004). Wageningen Academic Press, Wageningen, 175-183.
Vorst, J. G. A. J. van der. 2000. Effective Food Supply Chains, Generating, Modelling, and Evaluating Supply Chain Scenarios. PhD Thesis. Wageningen University
Vorst JGAJ van der, Beulens AJM, Beek P van. 2000. Modelling and Simulating Multi-Echelon Food Systems. European Journal of Operational Research 122: 354-366
Yandra, Marimin, Jamaran, I., Eriyatno, Tamura, H. 2007. An Integration Of Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm And Fuzzy Logic For Optimization Of Agroindustrial Supply Chain Design. Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the ISSS.
Zhang, H dan W. Liu dan Xiu Li. 2002. An AHP/DEA Methodology for Vendor Selection in Agile Supply Chain. Working Paper. Hal 3-4.