Kondisi Pertanian Pangan Indonesia

Abstract

Kinerja sektor pertanian cukup baik. Neraca ekspor-impor pertanian Indonesia masih positif karena disumbang kinerja subsektor perkebunan yang terus membaik. Sebaliknya, neraca perdagangan subsektor tanaman pangan, hortikultura dan peternakan bersifat negatif. Ketergantungan Indonesia terhadap sejumlah pangan impor, seperti gandum, susu, kedelai, gula, garam dan daging sapi belum ada tanda-tanda berkurang. Padahal, aneka pangan itu bisa diproduksi di lahan sendiri. Ini mengindikasikan ada yang salah dan pengelolaan pertanian-pangan Indonesia. Kebijakan pertanian-pangan bias komoditas beras, bias korporasi dan asing, liberalisasi kebablasan, pembiaran nasib petani miskin dan gurem, dan lemahnya mitigasi dan adaptasi terhadap perubahan iklim. Akibatnya, masih banyak daerah yang rawan pangan, prevalensi balita underweight dan stunting. Pemerintah disarankan melakukan reformasi agraria, memanfaatkan sumberdaya untuk memproduksi pangan lokal, tidak mendahulukan impor, mengembangkan pertanian lokal-keluarga-multikultur, merancang ulang pasar pangan, menetapkan zonasi agroekologi dan menyusun langkah mitigasi dan adaptasi terhadap perubahan iklim.

The performance of the agricultural sector is quite good. The Indonesian agricultural export-import balance is still positive due to the improvement in plantation sector performance. On the contrary, the balance of trade from food crops, horticulture and animal husbandry stays negative. Indonesia's dependence on a number of imported commodities, such as wheat, milk, soy, sugar, salt and meat shows no signs of easing. Eventhough those variety of commodities can be produced in Indonesia. This indicates that there is something wrong Indonesia's management of food and agriculture. Agricultural policy bias-food commodities of rice, corporation and foreign bias, excessive liberalization, omission of the fate of poor farmers and landless, and also lack of mitigation and adaptation to climate changes. As a result, there are still many areas of food insecurity, prevalence of stunted and underweighted children under five. It is advised that Government reform the agrarian policy, utilizing local resources to produce food, instead of relying on import, develop local agriculture-family-multicultural, redesigning the food market, establishing agro-ecological zone and developing mitigation and adaptation steps toward climate changes.